![]() ![]() This spirit has been started by a great philosopher, Suhrawardi, by means of his philosophical thoughts well-known by Illuminationism (Ḥikmah Isyraqiyyah) and found its perfect formulation in the hands of prominent philosopher, Mulla Sadra, with his Ḥikmah Muta’aliyah. However, Muslim philosophers through their deep investigations on both realms tried to end the controversy and to reconcile between them. Philosophy more emphasizes on discursive reason as an instrument, while Irfan more believes in intuitive witnessing (mukāsyafah) and puts reason in doubt, to disclose the ultimate reality. In early period of Islamic thoughts, Philosophy and Irfan were acting as if two opposite poles which are difficult, if not to say impossible, to reconcile. ![]() ![]() Ḥikmah muta’aliyah, discursive reason, intuitive witnessing, ḥikmah dzauqiyyah, ḥikmah bahtsiah Abstract Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran ![]()
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